Everyone Healthy Library
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia
Also Known As: Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
Connected health information
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Linked signs and symptoms
9Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
Linked drugs / medications
1Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
2Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Medical therapy
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
16These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) Concentration
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Carbon Dioxide Total Content (TCO2)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration
- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
- Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps)
- haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PCO2, PaCO2)
- Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2)
- Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Residual Volume (RV)
- Spirometry
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
- Transbronchial Biopsy
- Vital Capacity (VC)
Biological and test markers
17This visual map uses existing EH database links to show biological agents and lab markers reported as increased, decreased, or associated with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
10- 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 10.5–14 µmol/gLinked diagnostic tests12, 3 Diphosphoglycerate (2
- Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–215 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-1-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.1–0.3 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.6–1 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Carbon Dioxide Total Content (TCO2)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 20–27 mEq/L; Newborn (0 - 1month): 13–21 mEq/LLinked diagnostic tests1Carbon Dioxide Total Content (TCO2)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Total ProteinReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 15–45 mg/dL; Child (< 10y): 15–70 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration
- Fibrin Split ProductsReference range exampleAll: 0–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products
- Gamma Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.8–1.7 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- haptoglobin (Hp)Reference range example45–200 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)Reference range exampleAll: 35–45 mm HgLinked diagnostic tests1Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PCO2, PaCO2)
Often decreased
7- Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 850–1,300 mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 1,000–1,500 mLLinked diagnostic tests1Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
- Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75)Reference range exampleAll: 60–100 %Linked diagnostic tests1Spirometry
- Inspiratory Capacity (IC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 2,600–3,200 mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 3,000–3,500 mLLinked diagnostic tests1Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial Oxygen (PaO2)Reference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 80–100 mm Hg; Newborn (0 - 1month): 60–70 mm HgLinked diagnostic tests1Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2)
- Residual Volume (RV)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 1,200–1,600 mL; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 850–1,300 mLLinked diagnostic tests2Postvoid Residual Volume Test, Residual Volume (RV)
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 4,600–5,200 mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 5,800–6,200 mLLinked diagnostic tests1Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
- Vital Capacity (VC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 3,500–4,000 mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4,500–5,000 mLLinked diagnostic tests1Vital Capacity (VC)
Other associated markers
0No markers in this group.
Introduction / full article
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia (BOOP) is a rare inflammatory lung disease. Patients experience simultaneous inflammation of the bronchioles and of the alveolar lung spherical units. Bronchiolitis obliterans refers to swirls or plugs of fibrous, granulation tissue filling the small bronchiole airways while Organizing pneumonia refers to organized swirls of inflammatory tissue filling the small spherical units of the lungs called alveoli and the alveolar ducts.[1] The disease is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP).[2]
Causes
Most cases are idiopathic or with unknown cause. BOOP is usually reported as a secondary phenomenon in several other clinical settings.[3] Some forms are associated with infections such as chlamydia, influenza or malaria. The risk of developing BOOP is heightened for individuals who have diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma. Researches also reveal that people who have received certain types of chemotherapy or radiation to their chest as well as those who received transplants sometimes develop BOOP. Medications linked to BOOP include cocaine, gold salts, some antibiotics and anti-seizure medications.[2] Many industrial toxins and environmental pollutants have also been associated with BOOP. BOOP has also been reported in conditions like primary biliary cirrhosis Evans syndrome and chronic sinusitis, lung cancer, lung atelectasis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, secondary amyloidosis and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. [3]
Symptoms
People of all ages can be affected. In about half of the cases, patients present with influenza-like illness followed by a short illness lasting for a few months characterized by a persistent nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, low-grade fever, malaise and weight loss. Rarely, there may be pleuritic chest pain and coughing of blood. [3]
Diagnosis
Medical history is obtained and physical examination is done. Lung biopsy is still the preferred method for establishing the diagnosis. Conventional radiography and High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) serve as a guide for additional investigation and the site of lung biopsy. [3]
Treatment
BOOP may resolve by its own. Current standard of treatment is corticosteroid. Majority of patients recover with treatment. Symptoms resolve within days or weeks and radiographic findings show improvement in 50-86% of patients. In a minority of patients, the disease may persist. Relapse may occur when the patient withdraws treatment. Most patients have total and permanent recovery. [3]
References:
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http://www.webmd.com/lung/bronchiolitis-obliterans-organizing-pneumonia
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http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bronchiolitis-obliterans/AN00307
- http://www.thoracicmedicine.org/article.asp?issn=1817-1737;year=2008;volume=3;issue=2;spage=67;epage=75;aulast=Al-Ghanem