Everyone Healthy Library
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
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Get urgent medical care now if there is any severe, sudden, rapidly worsening or worrying symptom, especially:
- chest pain, pressure or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back
- trouble breathing, blue lips, severe wheeze or choking
- stroke-like symptoms such as face drooping, arm weakness or speech trouble
- collapse, fainting, seizure, confusion or extreme drowsiness
- severe bleeding, black stools, vomiting blood or major injury
- severe allergic reaction, swelling of the face/throat or widespread rash with breathing trouble
- severe abdominal pain, severe headache, stiff neck or sudden vision change
- signs of severe dehydration, sepsis, high fever with worsening illness, or symptoms in a baby/young child that concern you
Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Linked signs and symptoms
16Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
Linked drugs / medications
4Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
15Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Surgery
4Medical therapy
5Vitamins and minerals
2Vitamins
1Minerals
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
30These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB Smear or Culture)
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration
- Cholesterol Concentration
- Cholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase)
- Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- D-Dimer Blood Test
- Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocytes Count
- Manometry
- Mantoux Test
- Monocyte Absolute Count
- Neutrophil Absolute Count
- Platelet Count
- Potassium Sensitivity Test
- Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux Test for Tuberculosis, TB)
- Urine glucose concentration
- Urine Granular Cast Concentration
- Urine Haemologlobin (Hb) Concentration
- Urine Leukocyte Esterase Screening
- Urine Lysozyme Concentration
- Urine pH Test
- Urine Red Blood Cells Concentration
- Urine Urobilinogen Concentration
Biological markers/agents
28This visual map shows biological markers/agents reported as increased or decreased with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
22- Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–215 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsAlpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.6–1 gm/dLLinked diagnostic testsProtein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)Reference range exampleAll: 0–45 units/LLinked diagnostic testsAngiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Calcium (Blood, Total)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 8.5–10.4 mg/dL; Birth - 2wks: 7.6–10.3 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCalcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Cholesterol (Total)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 75–180 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y): 0–190 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCholesterol Concentration
- D-DimerReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–240 µg/LLinked diagnostic testsD-Dimer Blood Test
- FibrinogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 150–400 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsFibrinogen Concentration test
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.7–3.1 mg/mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0.35–2.5 mg/mLLinked diagnostic testsFibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- Forced Expiratory Volume At Three Seconds (FEV3)Reference range exampleAll: 95–100 %Linked diagnostic testsSpirometry
- haptoglobin (Hp)Reference range example45–200 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testshaptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Lysozyme (Muramidase, Urine)Reference range exampleAll: 0–4 mg/24hrsLinked diagnostic testsUrine Lysozyme Concentration
- MonocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 3–7 %; 0.1–0.5 million/mLLinked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Monocyte Absolute Count
- Mycobacterium TuberculosisReference range exampleAll: 0–1 NegativeLinked diagnostic testsAcid Fast Bacilli (AFB Smear or Culture)
- PlateletsReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 150–450 109/L; Adult ( > 16y): 135–380 109/LLinked diagnostic testsPlatelet Count
- Positive Mantoux Test (Reactive Tuberculin Test, Localized Skin Induration and Redness)Reference range exampleAll: 0–1 NegativeLinked diagnostic testsTuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux Test for Tuberculosis, TB)
- Segmented NeutrophilsReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 50–62 %; Adult ( > 16y): 2,500–8,000 mm3Linked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Neutrophil Absolute Count
- Unrine Granular CastsReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–0 Not PresentLinked diagnostic testsUrine Granular Cast Concentration
- Urine glucoseReference range example0–2.5; Adult ( > 16y): 0–2.5 mmol/dayLinked diagnostic testsUrine glucose concentration
- Urine Haemoglobin (Hb)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–0.02 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsUrine Haemologlobin (Hb) Concentration
- Urine Leukocyte EsteraseReference range exampleAll: 0–1 Not PresentLinked diagnostic testsUrine Leukocyte Esterase Screening
- Urine Red Blood CellsReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–2 /hpfLinked diagnostic testsUrine Red Blood Cells Concentration
- Urobilinogen (Urine)Reference range exampleAll: 0.1–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsUrine Urobilinogen Concentration
Often decreased
6- CD4 to CD8 RatioReference range exampleAll: 1–5 RatioLinked diagnostic testsLymphocyte Immunophenotyping
- CholinesteraseReference range exampleAll: 6–19 U/mLLinked diagnostic testsCholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase)
- Creatinine Clearance RateReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 87–110 ml/minute; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 100–140 ml/minuteLinked diagnostic testsCreatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- Glucose (Cerebrospinal Fluid)Reference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 65–85 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y): 50–72 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration
- LymphocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 25–40 %; 700–3,500 cells/mm3Linked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Lymphocytes Count
- UrineReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 4.5–7.5; Child (0 - 16y): 500–1,400 mLLinked diagnostic testsUrine Colour, Urine Creatinine Concentration
Introduction / full article
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Zinc:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It is proposed only as a weak supportive symptomatic support, and even then, has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: No recommendation (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that zinc is able to help treat extrapulmonary tuberculosis. More studies needed)
Grade of Evidence: Very low quality of evidence
Micronutrient Supplements [1, 2, 3, 4]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It is proposed only as a weak supportive symptomatic support, and even then, has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: Weakly in favor (Early studies show that micronutrient supplements may be of benefit in the treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis)
Grade of Evidence: Low quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1.http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch179/ch179b.html?qt=Extrapulmonary%20Tuberculosis&alt=sh#sec14-ch179-ch179b-1456a
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471061?dopt=Abstract
3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15738377?dopt=Abstract
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9802271?dopt=Abstract