Everyone Healthy Library
Venous Thromboembolism
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
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Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Condition overview
Attributes
Commonalityis common
Linked signs and symptoms
17Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
- Blood: Increased Chance of DVT (Blood Clot in the Deep Veins)
- Calf Warm
- Feet Swollen
- Fever (Raised Body Temperature)
- Heart or Pulse Rate Raised (Tachycardia)
- Leg Swollen
- Leg Tenderness
- Pain Along the Course of a Vein
- Pain in Calves when Bending Ankle with Straight Knee
- Pain Leg
- Pain Muscle (Myalgia)
- Pain: Chronic
- Painful Swelling Behind Knee
- Skin Redness (Erythema, Rubor)
- Skin Tenderness Or Pain
- Skin: Superficial Veins (Varicose Veins)
- Swelling (Oedema, Edema)
Linked drugs / medications
8Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
13Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Surgery
3Medical therapy
3Lifestyle changes
1Behavioural changes
1Alternative and complementary therapies
2Alternative medicine
2Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
13These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- Ankle-Brachial Index
- Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test
- Coagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- D-Dimer Blood Test
- D-Dimer Blood Test
- Doppler Ultrasound
- Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps)
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- Plasminogen Activity
- Protein C (PC ANtigen)
- Protein S Concentration
- Urine Volume
- Venography
Biological markers/agents
10This visual map shows biological markers/agents reported as increased or decreased with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
4- D-DimerReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–240 µg/LLinked diagnostic testsD-Dimer Blood Test
- Factor VIII (Antihemophilic Globulin, Percentage of Normal Value)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 55–145 %Linked diagnostic testsCoagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- Fibrin Split ProductsReference range exampleAll: 0–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsFibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.7–3.1 mg/mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0.35–2.5 mg/mLLinked diagnostic testsFibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
Often decreased
6- Antithrombin 111 (AT-111)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–110 %Linked diagnostic testsAntithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test
- Factor V (Labile Factor, Proaccelerin, Percentage of Normal Value)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 50–150 %Linked diagnostic testsCoagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- PlasminogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 65–153 %; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 70–120 %Linked diagnostic testsPlasminogen Activity
- Protein CReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 70–150 %Linked diagnostic testsProtein C (PC ANtigen)
- Protein SReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 50–120 %; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 55–120 %Linked diagnostic testsProtein S Concentration
- UrineReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 4.5–7.5; Child (0 - 16y): 500–1,400 mLLinked diagnostic testsUrine Colour, Urine Creatinine Concentration
Introduction / full article
Venous Thromboembolism
Venous Thromboembolism
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Strychnos Nux-Vomica (Maqianzi, Poison Nut) [1, 5, 6, 7]:
WARNING! This substance is HIGHLY POISONOUS. The seeds contain Strychnine, which may cause convulsions, breathing difficulties and death, even if as little as 5 milligrams is ingested
Recommendation: Strongly against (There is no evidence in the form of clinical trials which reports the effectiveness of Strychnos Nux-Vomica, because it is highly poisonous to humans, and is not recommended.)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Pine Bark Extract [1, 2, 3, 4]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: weakly in favor (Early studies indicate potential for Pine bark extract in the treatment of Venous Thromboembolism, but more clinical studies need to be done)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009
2. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00214032
3. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/pine-bark-extract
4. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-pycnogenol.html
5. David Michael Wood et al. Case report: Survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with toxicokinetic data. Critical Care October 2002 Vol 6 No 5
6. Arnold, M.D., Harry L. (1968). Poisonous Plants of Hawaii. Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Co.. p. 20. ISBN 0804804745.
7. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/strychnos-nux-vomica