Everyone Healthy Library
Hyperthyroidism
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
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Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Linked signs and symptoms
10Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
Linked drugs / medications
1Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
9Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Surgery
1Medical therapy
3Alternative and complementary therapies
1Vitamins and minerals
1Minerals
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
39These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) Concentration
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Apolipoprotein B Concentration
- Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Coagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- Creatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine)
- Ferritin Concentration
- Fetal Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin F, HbF) Concentration
- Folic Acid (Folate) Concentration
- Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Concentration
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT, OGTT, 120 Minutes After Glucose Load)
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT, OGTT, 160 Minutes After Glucose Load)
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT, OGTT, 30 Minutes After Glucose Load)
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT, OGTT, 60 Minutes After Glucose Load)
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT, OGTT, Fasting Glucose)
- Glucose Tolerance Test for Gestational Diabetes (1 Hour After Glucose Load)
- Glucose Tolerance Test for Gestational Diabetes (Fasting Glucose Value)
- Glucose, Blood (Fasting Blood Glucose)
- Glucose, Blood (Post Prandiol Blood Glucose Test, 2 Hour Post Meal Blood Glucose)
- Hemoglobin (Hb) A2 Concentration
- High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Concentration
- Lymphocytes Count
- Phosphate Concentration (PO4, Phosphorus)
- Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Testosterone Concentration
- Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH) Concentration
- Thyroxine (Free T4) Concentration
- Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration
- Thyroxine Binding Globulin Concentration (TBG, Thyroid Binding Globulin, Blood)
- Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine Uptake Test
- Urine Amylase Excretion Rate
- Urine bilirubin Concentration
- Urine Chloride Concentration
- Urine Estradiol (E2) Concetration
- Urine Hydroxyproline Concentration
- Urine Ketone Concentration
Biological markers/agents
33This visual map shows biological markers/agents reported as increased or decreased with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
23- 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 10.5–14 µmol/gLinked diagnostic tests2, 3 Diphosphoglycerate (2
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)Reference range exampleAll: 0–45 units/LLinked diagnostic testsAngiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Calcium (Blood, Total)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 8.5–10.4 mg/dL; Birth - 2wks: 7.6–10.3 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCalcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Creatinine (Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 0.1–0.4 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 0.6–1.2 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCreatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine)
- Factor VIII (Antihemophilic Globulin, Percentage of Normal Value)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 55–145 %Linked diagnostic testsCoagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- FerritinReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 7–140 µg/L; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 18–160 µg/LLinked diagnostic testsFerritin Concentration
- Fetal Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin F, HbF)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–2.1 %; Birth - 2wks: 56–90 %Linked diagnostic testsFetal Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin F, HbF) Concentration
- Glucose (Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 3–6.1 mmol/L; Adult ( > 16y): 0–6.1 mmol/LLinked diagnostic testsfasting Blood Glucose Test, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT
- Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 10.1–18.5 U/gHb; Birth - 2wks: 12–23 U/gHbLinked diagnostic testsGlucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Concentration
- Hemoglobin (Hb) A2Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 1.5–3.5 %; Birth - 2wks: 0–1.8 %Linked diagnostic testsHemoglobin (Hb) A2 Concentration
- Hydroxyproline (Urine Excretion Rate)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 14–45 mg/24hrs; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 0.4–2.9 mg/2hrsLinked diagnostic testsUrine Amino Acid Concentration, Urine Hydroxyproline Concentration
- LymphocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 25–40 %; 700–3,500 cells/mm3Linked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Lymphocytes Count
- Phosphate (PO4, Phosphorus, P)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 2.5–4.5 mg/dL; Birth - 2wks: 4.3–9.2 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsPhosphate Concentration (PO4, Phosphorus)
- TestosteroneReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.8–1.65 nmol/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 15–24.4 nmol/LLinked diagnostic testsTestosterone Concentration
- Thyroxine (Total T4)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 6–12 µg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 5–12 µg/dLLinked diagnostic testsThyroxine (Total T4) Concentration
- Thyroxine Index (Free T4)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0.007–0.023 ng/mLLinked diagnostic testsThyroxine (Free T4) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Free T3)Reference range example2.7–4.9 pg/mLLinked diagnostic testsTriiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Total T3)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 1.1–2.43 ng/mL; Adult ( > 16y): 1–2.1 ng/mLLinked diagnostic testsTriiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine Uptake PercentageReference range exampleAll: 25–38 %Linked diagnostic testsTriiodothyronine Uptake Test
- Urine bilirubinReference range exampleAll: 0–0.02 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsUrine bilirubin Concentration
- Urine ChlorideReference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 2–10 mmol/day; Child (0 - 16y): 15–14 mmol/dayLinked diagnostic testsUrine Chloride Concentration
- Urine Estradiol (E2)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0–15 µg/24hrs; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0–6.5 µg/24hrsLinked diagnostic testsUrine Estradiol (E2) Concetration
- Urine KetoneReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–0.25 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsUrine Ketone Concentration
Often decreased
10- Albumin (Blood)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 37–52 gm/dL; Infant (0 - 1y): 4.4–5.4 gm/dLLinked diagnostic testsBlood Albumin Concentration, Protein Electrophoresis (Blood
- Alpha-1-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.1–0.3 gm/dLLinked diagnostic testsProtein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.6–1 gm/dLLinked diagnostic testsProtein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 47–115 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 52–120 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsApolipoprotein B Concentration
- Folic Acid (Folate)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 14–51 ng/mL; Child (0 - 16y): 5–21 ng/mLLinked diagnostic testsFolic Acid (Folate) Concentration
- High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 53–500 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 45–500 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsHigh Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Concentration
- Thyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0.021–0.11 µg/dL; Newborn (0 - 1month): 0.04–0.19 µg/dLLinked diagnostic testsThyroid Stimulating Horomone (TSH) Concentration, Urine B2 Microglobulin Concentration
- Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TBG, Thyroid Binding Globulin, Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y), Female: 1.7–3.6 mg/dL; Infant (0 - 1y), Male: 1.6–3.5 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsThyroxine Binding Globulin Concentration (TBG, Thyroid Binding Globulin
- TriglyceridesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 32–137 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 35–155 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsTriglyceride (TG's) Concentration, Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration
- Urine AmylaseReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 400–6,700 nkat/dayLinked diagnostic testsUrine Amylase Excretion Rate
Introduction / full article
Hyperthyroidism
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Selenium Supplement [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present. IMPORTANT: Selenium is toxic in high doses. Massive overdoses can cause kidney failure, breathing difficulty and death. Selenium should only be taken at healthy levels which the body is able to tolerate.
Recommendation: No recommendation (Available evidene does not support claims that selenium helps to prevent or treat any thyroid conditions)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Black Walnut (Juglans Nigra):
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It is proposed only as a weak supportive symptomatic support, and even then, has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: weakly against (Available evidence does not support claims that Black Walnut helps to treat hyperthyroidism)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1. Esfahani AF, Kakhki VR, Fallahi B, et al. (2005). "Comparative evaluation of two fixed doses of 185 and 370 MBq 131I, for the treatment of Graves' disease resistant to antithyroid drugs". Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 8 (3): 158–61
2. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec12/ch152/ch152e.html?qt=Hyperthyroidism&alt=sh#sec12-ch152-ch152e-272
3. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009
4. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/selenium?sitearea=ETO
5. http://www.cancer.gov/Templates/doc.aspx?viewid=ED8AD8E8-6AE5-458D-8091-393F4CB73F0D
6. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-selenium.html
7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9290116
8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9829869
9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10335455
10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2136228
11. http://www.springerlink.com/content/v0r644v4ju5153k2/
12. http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/5/283