Everyone Healthy Library
Obesity
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Condition overview
Attributes
Linked signs and symptoms
20Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
- Ankle Swelling (Ankle Oedema)
- Blood Insulin Resistance
- Blood or Urine Uric Acid Raised
- Blood Pressure High (Hypertension)
- Breath Shortness (Dyspnoea)
- Breathing Painful or Difficult
- Cholesterol Raised
- Excess Abdomen Fat
- Fatigue
- Fluid Collection in Ankles at Daytime
- Headache (Cephalgia)
- Immune Dysfunction
- Mind: Sleep Disturbances
- Obesity
- Pain Back Lumbar
- Pain Joint (Arthralgia)
- Pain: Chest
- Reduced Immune System Function
- Sleep Apnoea
- Weight Gain (Body Mass Index Raised)
Linked drugs / medications
3Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
37Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Surgery
3Medical therapy
3Lifestyle changes
13- Home or Self MonitoringWeakly in Favour(Low Evidence)
- Increase ExerciseEvidence: 1
- Increase ExerciseStrongly in Favour(Moderate Evidence)
- Increase Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
- Low Calory Diet
- Low Carbohydrate Diet
- Low Fat DietWeakly in Favour(Low Evidence)
- Reduce or Stop Alcohol Consumption
- Reduce or Stop Alcohol ConsumptionStrongly in Favour(High Evidence)
- Regular ExcerciseEvidence: 1
- Regular Exercise (30 Minutes A Day)Weakly in Favour(Moderate Evidence)
- Weight ReductionEvidence: 1
- Weight ReductionStrongly in Favour(High Evidence)
Behavioural changes
3Counselling and support
5Alternative and complementary therapies
4Alternative medicine
1Alternative therapies
2Vitamins and minerals
1Vitamins
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
7These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- Glucose, Blood (Fasting Blood Glucose)
- Glucose, Blood (Random Blood Glucose Test)
- High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Concentration
- Insulin Concentration (Insulin Assay, Serum Insulin)
- Intracranial Prassure Monitoring (CSF Pressure)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PCO2, PaCO2)
- Vitamin B12 (VB12) Concentration
Biological and test markers
6This visual map uses existing EH database links to show biological agents and lab markers reported as increased, decreased, or associated with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
5- Glucose (Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 3–6.1 mmol/L; Adult ( > 16y): 0–6.1 mmol/LLinked diagnostic tests11fasting Blood Glucose Test, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT
- InsulinReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 3–15 µIU/mL; Adult ( > 16y): 6–28 µIU/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Insulin Concentration (Insulin Assay, Serum Insulin)
- Intracranial Pressure (Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure, CSF Pressure)Linked diagnostic tests1Intracranial Prassure Monitoring (CSF Pressure)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)Reference range exampleAll: 35–45 mm HgLinked diagnostic tests1Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PCO2, PaCO2)
- Vitamin B12 (VB12)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 130–670 pmol/LLinked diagnostic tests1Vitamin B12 (VB12) Concentration
Often decreased
1Other associated markers
0No markers in this group.
Introduction / full article
Obesity
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Vitamin D [1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help in preventing some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present. Please note, this acts as a PREVENTATIVE treatment, and not necessarily symptomatic relief.
Recommendation: No recommendation (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Vitamin D can help prevent obesity)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense) [1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: no recommendation (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Red Clover helps to treat obesity by reducing appetite)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Glyconutrients [1, 2, 3]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: no recommendation (Available evidence does not support claims that glyconutrients help to treat obesity. More studies are needed.)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
Red Pepper (Capsaicin):
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It is proposed only as a weak supportive symptomatic support, and even then, has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: weakly against (Available evidence does not support claims that Red Peppers help to treat or prevent obesity in any way)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
Bromelain (Sulphydryl Proteolytic Enzyme, Ananas Comosus):
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It is proposed only as a weak supportive symptomatic support, and even then, has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: weakly against (Available evidence does not support claims that Bromelain helps to treat obesity)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
Moxibustion:
Recommendation: no recommendation (there is insufficient evidence to show that moxibustion helps in treating obesity)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Low-Level Laser Therapy:
Recommendation: no recommendation (there is insufficient evidence to show that laser therapy helps in treating obesity)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009
2. http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=3228488
3. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/glyconutrients
4. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/redclover/
5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609225
6. http://www.babyhopes.com/articles/natural-fertility-boosters.html
7. http://indigo-herbs.co.uk/acatalog/Red_Clover_Flowers_Info.html
8. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/trifolium_pratense.html
9. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/red-clover
10. http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69350.cfm
11. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD006164/frame.html
12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10824056
13. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcb.10338/abstract
14. http://pain-topics.org/pdf/vitamind-report.pdf
15. http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1185/030079908X253519
16. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/article756975.ece
17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556697
18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18065602
19. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vitamind.html