Everyone Healthy Library
Tuberculosis
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
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Some health conditions or symptoms can become urgent. Use this page for education, but seek help quickly if warning signs are present.
Get urgent medical care now if there is any severe, sudden, rapidly worsening or worrying symptom, especially:
- chest pain, pressure or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back
- trouble breathing, blue lips, severe wheeze or choking
- stroke-like symptoms such as face drooping, arm weakness or speech trouble
- collapse, fainting, seizure, confusion or extreme drowsiness
- severe bleeding, black stools, vomiting blood or major injury
- severe allergic reaction, swelling of the face/throat or widespread rash with breathing trouble
- severe abdominal pain, severe headache, stiff neck or sudden vision change
- signs of severe dehydration, sepsis, high fever with worsening illness, or symptoms in a baby/young child that concern you
Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Condition overview
Attributes
Commonality for Afghanistanis uncommon
Commonality for Africais common
Commonality for Asiais common
Commonality for Australiais rare
Commonality for Central Africais common
Commonality for Central Americais common
Commonality for Chinais common
Commonality for East Africais common
Commonality for Europeis rare
Commonality for North Africais uncommon
Commonality for North Americais rare
Commonality for Pakistanis common
Commonality for Russiais uncommon
Commonality for South Africais common
Commonality for South Americais uncommon
Commonality for Southern Indiais common
Commonality for Sub Saharan Africais common
Commonality for Zimbabweis common
Linked signs and symptoms
13Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
Linked drugs / medications
6Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
11Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Lifestyle changes
2Behavioural changes
2Alternative and complementary therapies
2Alternative medicine
2Medical emergencies
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
28These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB Smear or Culture)
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Apolipoprotein B Concentration
- Calcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration
- Cholesterol Concentration
- Cholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase)
- D-Dimer Blood Test
- erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocytes Count
- Monocyte Absolute Count
- Neutrophil Absolute Count
- Platelet Count
- Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
- Spirometry
- Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux Test for Tuberculosis, TB)
- Urine glucose concentration
- Urine Leukocyte Esterase Screening
- Urine Lysozyme Concentration
- Urine Red Blood Cells Concentration
- Urine Urobilinogen Concentration
- Urine White Blood Cells Test
Biological markers/agents
27This visual map shows biological markers/agents reported as increased or decreased with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
20- Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–215 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsAlpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.6–1 gm/dLLinked diagnostic testsProtein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)Reference range exampleAll: 0–45 units/LLinked diagnostic testsAngiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Calcium (Blood, Total)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 8.5–10.4 mg/dL; Birth - 2wks: 7.6–10.3 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCalcium Concentration (Blood, Total)
- Cholesterol (Total)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 75–180 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y): 0–190 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCholesterol Concentration
- D-DimerReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–240 µg/LLinked diagnostic testsD-Dimer Blood Test
- FibrinogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 150–400 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsFibrinogen Concentration test
- Fibrinopeptide A (FPA)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.7–3.1 mg/mL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0.35–2.5 mg/mLLinked diagnostic testsFibrinopeptide A (FPA) Action Assay
- haptoglobin (Hp)Reference range example45–200 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testshaptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Lysozyme (Muramidase, Urine)Reference range exampleAll: 0–4 mg/24hrsLinked diagnostic testsUrine Lysozyme Concentration
- MonocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 3–7 %; 0.1–0.5 million/mLLinked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Monocyte Absolute Count
- Mycobacterium TuberculosisReference range exampleAll: 0–1 NegativeLinked diagnostic testsAcid Fast Bacilli (AFB Smear or Culture)
- PlateletsReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 150–450 109/L; Adult ( > 16y): 135–380 109/LLinked diagnostic testsPlatelet Count
- Positive Mantoux Test (Reactive Tuberculin Test, Localized Skin Induration and Redness)Reference range exampleAll: 0–1 NegativeLinked diagnostic testsTuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux Test for Tuberculosis, TB)
- Segmented NeutrophilsReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 50–62 %; Adult ( > 16y): 2,500–8,000 mm3Linked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Neutrophil Absolute Count
- Urine glucoseReference range example0–2.5; Adult ( > 16y): 0–2.5 mmol/dayLinked diagnostic testsUrine glucose concentration
- Urine Leukocyte EsteraseReference range exampleAll: 0–1 Not PresentLinked diagnostic testsUrine Leukocyte Esterase Screening
- Urine Red Blood CellsReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–2 /hpfLinked diagnostic testsUrine Red Blood Cells Concentration
- Urine White Blood CellsReference range exampleAll: 0–5 /hpfLinked diagnostic testsUrine White Blood Cells Test
- Urobilinogen (Urine)Reference range exampleAll: 0.1–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsUrine Urobilinogen Concentration
Often decreased
7- Apolipoprotein B (Apo B)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 47–115 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 52–120 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsApolipoprotein B Concentration
- CD4 to CD8 RatioReference range exampleAll: 1–5 RatioLinked diagnostic testsLymphocyte Immunophenotyping
- CholinesteraseReference range exampleAll: 6–19 U/mLLinked diagnostic testsCholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase)
- Forced Expiratory Flow Between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75)Reference range exampleAll: 60–100 %Linked diagnostic testsSpirometry
- Glucose (Cerebrospinal Fluid)Reference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 65–85 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y): 50–72 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCerebrospinal Fluid Glucose Concentration
- LymphocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 25–40 %; 700–3,500 cells/mm3Linked diagnostic testsDifferential White Blood Cell Count Tests, Lymphocytes Count
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 3.6–5 106/mm3; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4.2–5.4 106/mm3Linked diagnostic testsRed Blood Cell (RBC) Count
Introduction / full article
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Kava (Piper Methysticum) [1, 9, 10, 11, 12]:
WARNING: In rare cases, kava may lead to liver failure and other life threatening problems. The FDA warns that those who have had liver problems, or are on medicacations which may affect the liver, patients should check with their doctors before taking Kava. Other side effects include headache, upset stomach, drowsiness, weight loss, bloody urine, and muscle weakness.
Recommendation: weakly in favor (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Kava helps to treat symptoms of TB. More research is needed)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: Weakly against (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Goldenseal helps to treat tuberculosis. More studies are needed. Goldenseal may produce toxic effects, including depression, constipation, rapid heartbeat, stomach pain, mouth ulcers and vomiting.)
Grade of Evidence: low quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009
2. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/goldenseal
3. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/goldenseal/
4. Tierra Michael (1998): The Way of Herbs. New York, Pocket Books
5. Grieve M. (1971): A Modern Herbal. New York, Dover Publications, Inc
6. Mills S. and Bone K. (2000): Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone
7. Tice Raymond (1997): Goldenseal and Two of its constituent alkaloids: berberine and hydrastine Research Triangle Park, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, in Seiger E: Review of Toxilogical Literature
8. http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/ellingwood/hydrastis.html
9. http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=SP05005.pdf
10. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/kava
11. http://www.kavazen.com/pages/library.htm#KavaZen and Kava Safety
12. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/kava/index.htm