Everyone Healthy Library
Hemorrhage Shock
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
! Seek urgent medical care if warning signs appear
Some health conditions or symptoms can become urgent. Use this page for education, but seek help quickly if warning signs are present.
Get urgent medical care now if there is any severe, sudden, rapidly worsening or worrying symptom, especially:
- chest pain, pressure or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back
- trouble breathing, blue lips, severe wheeze or choking
- stroke-like symptoms such as face drooping, arm weakness or speech trouble
- collapse, fainting, seizure, confusion or extreme drowsiness
- severe bleeding, black stools, vomiting blood or major injury
- severe allergic reaction, swelling of the face/throat or widespread rash with breathing trouble
- severe abdominal pain, severe headache, stiff neck or sudden vision change
- signs of severe dehydration, sepsis, high fever with worsening illness, or symptoms in a baby/young child that concern you
Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Linked signs and symptoms
15Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
Linked drugs / medications
1Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
16Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Medical therapy
6Lifestyle changes
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
34These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
- Aldosterone Concentration Test
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration
- Basophil Count
- Blood pH Test
- Blood Urea Nitrogen Tests
- Blood Uric Acid Concentration Test
- Carbon Dioxide Total Content (TCO2)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration
- Cerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential
- Creatine Kinase Concentration
- Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- Creatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine)
- Euglobulin Lysis Time (Fibrinolysis Time)
- Fibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products, FSPs, Fibrin Breakdown Products, Fbps)
- Fibrin Monomers Test
- Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Glucose, Blood (Random Blood Glucose Test)
- haptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Heamatocrit (Hct)
- Hemoglobin (Hb) Concentration
- Lactate Dehydrogenase Concentration
- Lactic Acid Concentration
- Myoglobin Concentration
- Osmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality)
- Platelet Count
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
- Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Test
- Renin Assay
- Reticulocyte Absolute Count
- Thrombin Time
- Urine Osmolality
- Urine Specific Gravity (SG)
- Urine Volume
Biological markers/agents
35This visual map shows biological markers/agents reported as increased or decreased with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
25- AldosteroneReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.13–0.86 nmol/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0.16–0.66 nmol/LLinked diagnostic testsAldosterone Concentration Test
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 10–25 units/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 10–35 units/LLinked diagnostic testsAspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration
- Blood pHReference range exampleAll: 7.35–7.45Linked diagnostic testsBlood pH Test
- Blood Urea NitrogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 6–18 mg/dL; Child (< 10y): 5–15 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsBlood Urea Nitrogen Tests
- Cerebrospinal Fluid LeukocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–5 /µL; 1y - 6y: 0–20 /µLLinked diagnostic testsCerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Monocyte DifferentialReference range exampleAll: 15–47 %Linked diagnostic testsCerebrospinal Fluid White Cell Differential
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Total ProteinReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 15–45 mg/dL; Child (< 10y): 15–70 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCerebrospinal Fluid Protein Concentration
- Creatine Kinase1 (CK-BB) IsoenzymeReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0–1 %Linked diagnostic testsCreatine Kinase Concentration
- Creatine Kinase3 (CK-MM) IsoenzymeReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 97–100 %Linked diagnostic testsCreatine Kinase Concentration
- Creatinine (Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 0.1–0.4 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 0.6–1.2 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsCreatinine Concentration (Blood, Serum Creatinine)
- Fibrin MonomersReference range example0–10,000 µg/LLinked diagnostic testsFibrin Monomers Test
- Fibrin Split ProductsReference range exampleAll: 0–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsFibrin Degradation Products (FDPs, Fibrin Split Products
- Glucose (Blood)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 3–6.1 mmol/L; Adult ( > 16y): 0–6.1 mmol/LLinked diagnostic testsfasting Blood Glucose Test, Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 120–250 units/L; Adult ( > 16y): 100–200 units/LLinked diagnostic testsLactate Dehydrogenase Concentration
- Lactic Acid (Venous Blood)Reference range exampleAll: 0.5–2.2 mEq/LLinked diagnostic testsLactic Acid Concentration
- MyoglobinReference range exampleAll: 5–85 ng/mLLinked diagnostic testsMyoglobin Concentration
- Osmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality)Reference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 274–290 mOsm/kg; Birth - 2wks: 265–285 mOsm/kgLinked diagnostic testsOsmolality, Blood (Serum Osmolality)
- PlateletsReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 150–450 109/L; Adult ( > 16y): 135–380 109/LLinked diagnostic testsPlatelet Count
- Red Blood Distribution Width (RDW)Reference range exampleAll: 11–14.5 %Linked diagnostic testsRed Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Test
- ReninReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0.65–3.3 ng/mL; 16y - 18y: 0–4.4 ng/mLLinked diagnostic testsRenin Assay
- ReticulocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 24–83 109/L; 0.5–1.5 %Linked diagnostic testsReticulocyte Absolute Count, Reticulocyte Count Percent Total RBC
- Thrombin TimeReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 10–20 secondsLinked diagnostic testsThrombin Time
- Uric Acid, BloodReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 2.5–7 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4–8 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsBlood Uric Acid Concentration Test
- Urine OsmolalityReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 250–950 mOsm/kgLinked diagnostic testsUrine Osmolality
- Urine Specific Gravity (SG)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 1.005–1.03Linked diagnostic testsUrine Specific Gravity (SG)
Often decreased
10- BasophilsReference range example0.02–0.05 million/mL; 0–1 %Linked diagnostic testsBasophil Count, Basophil Differential Percent of Total WBC
- Carbon Dioxide Total Content (TCO2)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 20–27 mEq/L; Newborn (0 - 1month): 13–21 mEq/LLinked diagnostic testsCarbon Dioxide Total Content (TCO2)
- Creatinine Clearance RateReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 87–110 ml/minute; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 100–140 ml/minuteLinked diagnostic testsCreatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- FibrinogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 150–400 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testsFibrinogen Concentration test
- haptoglobin (Hp)Reference range example45–200 mg/dLLinked diagnostic testshaptoglobin (Hp) concentration
- Hemoglobin (Hb)Reference range exampleFemale: 78–100 gm/dL; Male: 76–100 gm/dLLinked diagnostic testsHemoglobin (Hb) Concentration, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Weight Test
- Plasma Clot Lysis TimeReference range exampleAll: 120–600 MinutesLinked diagnostic testsEuglobulin Lysis Time (Fibrinolysis Time)
- Plasma thromboplastin antecedentReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 20–35 secondsLinked diagnostic testsActivated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
- RBC MassReference range exampleFemale: 36–48 %; Male: 42–52 %Linked diagnostic testsHeamatocrit (Hct)
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 3.6–5 106/mm3; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4.2–5.4 106/mm3Linked diagnostic testsRed Blood Cell (RBC) Count
Introduction / full article
Hemorrhage Shock
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT):
Recommendation: strongly in favor (Evidence shows that HBOT can be effective in treating hemorrhagic shock)
Grade of Evidence: Moderate quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
- PubMed PMID: 18443022
- PubMed PMID: 18188092
- Irwin RS, Rippe JM. Intensive Care Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. ISBN: 0-7817-3548-3.
- Marino PL. The ICU Book. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. ISBN: 0-7817-4802-X.
- Society of Critical Care Medicine. Fundamental Critical Care Support: A Standardized Curriculum of Critical Care.
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine.