Everyone Healthy Library
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Condition / disease reference page from the Everyone Healthy database.
Connected health information
Explore this condition in a clear order
Linked signs and symptoms
14Each sign/symptom opens its own page and links back to related conditions.
Linked drugs / medications
2Medication information is educational only. A doctor or pharmacist should advise whether any medicine is appropriate.
Treatments, therapies and supportive options
6Grouped by treatment type. These are educational database links, not personal treatment recommendations. Evidence labels are shown only where stored in the EH database.
Surgery
1Medical therapy
1Lifestyle changes
2Alternative and complementary therapies
1Linked diagnostic tests and investigations
46These are pulled from both EH diagnostic-test link tables, including the older large test-link table.
- 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) Concentration
- Acid Phosphatase Concentration
- Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)
- Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
- Aldosterone Concentration Test
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Concentration
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Serum AFP, Blood)
- Ammonia Concentration Test
- amylase concentration
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration
- Cholesterol Concentration
- Cholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase)
- Coagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- Euglobulin Lysis Time (Fibrinolysis Time)
- Fecal Fat Determination (Fat Absorption Test, Fecal Fat Stain)
- Ferritin Concentration
- Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Folic Acid (Folate) Concentration
- Glucagon Concentration Test
- Heamatocrit (Hct)
- Hemoglobin (Hb) Concentration
- Plasminogen Activity
- Platelet Count
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test
- Protein C (PC ANtigen)
- Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
- Renin Assay
- Reticulocyte Absolute Count
- Testosterone Concentration
- Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration
- Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine Uptake Test
- Urine Amylase Excretion Rate
- Urine bilirubin Concentration
- Urine Osmolality
- Urine Oxalate Concentration (24 Hour)
- Urine Pregnanediol Concentration (24 Hour)
- Urine Urobilinogen Concentration
Biological and test markers
48This visual map uses existing EH database links to show biological agents and lab markers reported as increased, decreased, or associated with this condition. These are educational relationships only; test results must be interpreted by a qualified clinician because ranges vary by lab, method, age, sex and clinical context.
Often increased
26- 2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 10.5–14 µmol/gLinked diagnostic tests12, 3 Diphosphoglycerate (2
- Acid PhosphataseReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y), Male: 8.7–12.5 units/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 2.2–10.4 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1Acid Phosphatase Concentration
- AldosteroneReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.13–0.86 nmol/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 0.16–0.66 nmol/LLinked diagnostic tests1Aldosterone Concentration Test
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 30–125 units/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 40–110 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Concentration
- Alpha-Fetoprotein (Non-Pregnant, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 5–40 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP, Serum AFP
- AmmoniaReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 6–48 µmol/LLinked diagnostic tests1Ammonia Concentration Test
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)Reference range exampleAll: 0–45 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration
- Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 10–25 units/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 10–35 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Concentration
- Cholesterol (Total)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 75–180 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y): 0–190 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Cholesterol Concentration
- Coagulation Bleeding TimeReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 65–110 secondsLinked diagnostic tests1Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)
- Fecal FatReference range exampleAll: 1,000–7,000 mg/24hrsLinked diagnostic tests1Fecal Fat Determination (Fat Absorption Test, Fecal Fat Stain)
- FerritinReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 7–140 µg/L; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 18–160 µg/LLinked diagnostic tests1Ferritin Concentration
- GlucagonReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 0–147 pg/mL; Adult ( > 16y): 20–110 pg/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Glucagon Concentration Test
- Plasma thromboplastin antecedentReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 20–35 secondsLinked diagnostic tests1Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
- PlateletsReference range exampleChild (0 - 16y): 150–450 109/L; Adult ( > 16y): 135–380 109/LLinked diagnostic tests1Platelet Count
- Pregnanediol (Urine)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 0–0.1 mg/24hrs; Adult ( > 16y), Female: 0–10.5 mg/24hrsLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Pregnanediol Concentration (24 Hour)
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Male: 0–3.8 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Blood Test
- Prothrombin TimeReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 10–13 secondsLinked diagnostic tests1Prothrombin Time (PT)
- ReninReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 0.65–3.3 ng/mL; 16y - 18y: 0–4.4 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Renin Assay
- TriglyceridesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 32–137 mg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 35–155 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests2Triglyceride (TG's) Concentration, Triglyceride (TGs) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine Uptake PercentageReference range exampleAll: 25–38 %Linked diagnostic tests1Triiodothyronine Uptake Test
- UrineReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 4.5–7.5; Child (0 - 16y): 500–1,400 mLLinked diagnostic tests5Urine Colour, Urine Creatinine Concentration
- Urine bilirubinReference range exampleAll: 0–0.02 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Urine bilirubin Concentration
- Urine OsmolalityReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 250–950 mOsm/kgLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Osmolality
- Urine OxalateReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 5–30 mg/24hrs; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 7–43 mg/24hrsLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Oxalate Concentration (24 Hour)
- Urobilinogen (Urine)Reference range exampleAll: 0.1–1 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Urobilinogen Concentration
Often decreased
22- Alpha-1 Antintrypsin (AAT)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–215 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Concentration
- Alpha-1-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.1–0.3 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- Alpha-2-Globulin (Blood, Serum)Reference range exampleAll: 0.6–1 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Protein Electrophoresis (Blood, Serum Protein)
- AmylaseReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 25–125 units/LLinked diagnostic tests1amylase concentration
- Antithrombin 111 (AT-111)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 90–110 %Linked diagnostic tests1Antithrombin 111 (AT-111) Activity Test
- CholinesteraseReference range exampleAll: 6–19 U/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Cholinesterase (Serum Acetylcholinesterase, Pseudocholinesterase)
- Creatinine Clearance RateReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 87–110 ml/minute; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 100–140 ml/minuteLinked diagnostic tests1Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)
- Factor IX (Christmas Factor, Percentage of Normal Value)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 60–140 %Linked diagnostic tests1Coagulation Factor Assay (Blood Clotting Factors)
- FibrinogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 150–400 mg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Fibrinogen Concentration test
- Folic Acid (Folate)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 14–51 ng/mL; Child (0 - 16y): 5–21 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Folic Acid (Folate) Concentration
- Hemoglobin (Hb)Reference range exampleFemale: 78–100 gm/dL; Male: 76–100 gm/dLLinked diagnostic tests3Hemoglobin (Hb) Concentration, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Weight Test
- Plasma Clot Lysis TimeReference range exampleAll: 120–600 MinutesLinked diagnostic tests1Euglobulin Lysis Time (Fibrinolysis Time)
- PlasminogenReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 65–153 %; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 70–120 %Linked diagnostic tests1Plasminogen Activity
- Protein CReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 70–150 %Linked diagnostic tests1Protein C (PC ANtigen)
- RBC MassReference range exampleFemale: 36–48 %; Male: 42–52 %Linked diagnostic tests1Heamatocrit (Hct)
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 3.6–5 106/mm3; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 4.2–5.4 106/mm3Linked diagnostic tests1Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count
- ReticulocytesReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 24–83 109/L; 0.5–1.5 %Linked diagnostic tests2Reticulocyte Absolute Count, Reticulocyte Count Percent Total RBC
- TestosteroneReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 0.8–1.65 nmol/L; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 15–24.4 nmol/LLinked diagnostic tests1Testosterone Concentration
- Thyroxine (Total T4)Reference range exampleAdult ( > 16y), Female: 6–12 µg/dL; Adult ( > 16y), Male: 5–12 µg/dLLinked diagnostic tests1Thyroxine (Total T4) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Free T3)Reference range example2.7–4.9 pg/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Triiodothyronine (Free T3) Concentration
- Triiodothyronine (Total T3)Reference range exampleInfant (0 - 1y): 1.1–2.43 ng/mL; Adult ( > 16y): 1–2.1 ng/mLLinked diagnostic tests1Triiodothyronine (Total T3) Concentration
- Urine AmylaseReference range exampleAdult ( > 16y): 400–6,700 nkat/dayLinked diagnostic tests1Urine Amylase Excretion Rate
Other associated markers
0No markers in this group.
Introduction / full article
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Efficacy of Alternative and Other Treatments According to GRADE* Ranking:
Chlorella (Green Algae, Chlorella Pyrenoidosa) [1, 2, 3, 4]:
Please note, this management does NOT treat the condition itself. It may mildly help with some of the symptoms, and even then has insufficient evidence to back up this claim at present.
Recommendation: no recommendation (There is insufficient evidence to support claims that Chlorella helps to treat cirrhosis in any way)
Grade of Evidence: very low quality of evidence
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT):
NOT RECOMENDED
Recommendation: strongly against (available evidence shows that HBOT is in no way useful in treating cirrhosis, and can have harmful effects. NOT RECOMENDED)
Grade of Evidence: Moderate quality of evidence
* www.gradeworkinggroup.org
Summary References
Treatments:
1. Ades T, Alteri R, Gansler T, Yeargin P, "Complete Guide to Complimentary & Alternative Cancer Therapies", American Cancer Society, Atlanta USA, 2009
2. Nakano, S et al. “Maternal-fetal distribution and transfer of dioxins in pregnant women in Japan, and attempts to reduce maternal transfer with Chlorella (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) supplements...” Chemosphere 2005 Dec; 61(9): 1244–55.
3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=11347287&dopt=Abstract
4. http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/TreatmentsandSideEffects/ComplementaryandAlternativeMedicine/HerbsVitaminsandMinerals/chlorella